Process Equipment and Plant Design
The main purpose of providing stepping on the trays is to

Improve the flow condition
Facilitate handling of large flow rate of liquid
Decrease the pressure drop
Increase the residence time

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
All of these
For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc

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