Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having triangular pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by

(p² - πd²/4)/πd
4(0.86p² - πd²/4)/πd
(4p² - πd²/4)/πd
4(0.86p² - πd²)/πd

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages
Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
All of these
Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the

Differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD
Geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD
Ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD
Ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference

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