Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having triangular pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by

4(0.86p² - πd²)/πd
(p² - πd²/4)/πd
4(0.86p² - πd²/4)/πd
(4p² - πd²/4)/πd

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"
Equal to the tube diameter
More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
More than the tube diameter

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