Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shortest centre to centre distance between the adjacent tubes is

Called tube pitch
Called tube clearance
None of these
Always less than the diameter of the tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used

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