Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Anthrax is highly contagious
Anthrax is caused by a virus

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages

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