Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
All of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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