Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections

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