Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial when used in animals

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