Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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