Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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