Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is highly contagious
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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