Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types
small dosage of wild-type live viruses
heat killed virus

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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