Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types
heat killed virus
small dosage of wild-type live viruses

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive the acid pH of the stomach
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive within macrophages
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines

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