Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

heat killed virus
formalin-inactivated viruses
small dosage of wild-type live viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
All of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Anthrax is highly contagious

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages

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