Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

heat killed virus
formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types
small dosage of wild-type live viruses

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body

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