Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster
A limited number of capsule types
The possession of a segmented RNA genome

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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