Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax is caused by a virus

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