Microorganisms and Disease
In the human disease cholera, what is it that actually ends up killing the victim?

Dehydration and loss of nutrients
the toxin produced by the bacterium
Too little water in the food stream
Faulty carrier proteins

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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