Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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