Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not

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