Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals
not used as an antibacterial agent

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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