Microorganisms and Disease
Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of

ciliated epithelial cells
B cells
M cells
macrophages

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Anthrax is highly contagious

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

None of these
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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