Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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