Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They bypass important defenses of the body
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

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