Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They bypass important defenses of the body
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals

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