Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
are acquired by inhalation
have polysaccharide capsules
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed

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