Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

are acquired by inhalation
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have polysaccharide capsules

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in animals
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis

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