Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
are acquired by inhalation
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have polysaccharide capsules

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The possession of a segmented RNA genome
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings
A limited number of capsule types

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