Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

are acquired by inhalation
have polysaccharide capsules
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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