Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

are acquired by inhalation
have polysaccharide capsules
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals
not used as an antibacterial agent

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units

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