Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
are acquired by inhalation
have polysaccharide capsules

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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