Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have polysaccharide capsules
are acquired by inhalation
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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