Estimating and Costing
Berms are provided in canals if these are

Fully in embankment
Fully in excavation
Partly in excavation and partly in embankment
All of these

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the incorrect statement regarding a master trap from the following:

It is provided in between the lower end of the house drain and the street sewer
It is provided a cleaning eye at the top of the trap
The mica flap valve which opens inwards only, is fitted at the top of the inlet pipe
The water seal is less than that of ordinary traps

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Estimating and Costing
The correct Prismoidal formula for volume is

D/6 [first area + last area + 2 ∑ Even area + 4 ∑ odd areas]
D [first area + last area + Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 4 Ʃ Even area + 2 Ʃ odd areas]
D/3 [first area + last area + 2 Ʃ Even area + 4 Ʃ odd areas]

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