Estimating and Costing
A portion of an embankment having a uniform up-gradient 1 in 500 is circular with radius 1000 m of the centre line. It subtends 180° at the centre. If the height of the bank is 1 m at the lower end, and side slopes 2:1, the earth work involved.

26,000 m³
27,000 m³
27,500 m³
26,500 m³

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

All listed here
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
The end sections are parallel planes
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied

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Estimating and Costing
In the mid-section formula

All of these
The area of mid-sections is calculated by using mean depth
The mean depth is the average of depths of two consecutive sections
The volume of the earth work is calculated by multiplying the mid-section area by the distance between the two original sections

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