Theory of Machine
When the addenda on pinion and wheel is such that the path of approach and path of recess are half of their maximum possible values, then the length of the path of contact is given by (where r = Pitch circle radius of pinion, R = Pitch circle radius of wheel, and φ = Pressure angle)

[(r² + R²) cosφ]/2
[(r² + R²) sinφ]/2
[(r + R) cosφ]/2
[(r + R) sinφ]/2

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Theory of Machine
A body in motion will be subjected to Coriolis acceleration when that body is

In plane translation with variable velocity
In plane motion which is a resultant of plane translation and rotation
In plane rotation with variable velocity
Restrained to rotate while sliding over another body

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Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)

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