Estimating and Costing
The plinth area of a building not includes

Lift and wall including landing
Area of cantilevered porch
Internal shaft for sanitary installations up to 2 sq m. in area
Area of the walls at the floor level

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Estimating and Costing
While estimating a reinforced cement structure, the omitted cover of concrete is assumed

In thin slabs, 12 mm minimum or diameter of the bar whichever is more
For reinforcing longitudinal bar in a beam 25 mm minimum or diameter of the largest bar which is more
All of these
At the end of reinforcing bar, not less than 25 mm or twice the diameter of the bar

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

The end sections are parallel planes
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied
All listed here
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends

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