Internal Combustion Engines
The exhaust valve in a four stroke cycle petrol engine

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 50° after bottom dead center and closes at 15° before top dead center
Opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Opens at 50° before bottom dead center and closes at 15° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The tangential velocity of the water element having a free vortex is

Directly proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Directly proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
The brake power (B.P.) of the engine is given by (where W = Brake load or dead load in newtons, l = Length of arm in meters, N = Speed of engine in r.p.m., S = Spring balance reading in newtons, D = Dia. of brake drum in meters, and d = Dia. of rope in meters)

P = (Wl × 2πN)/60 watts
P = [(W - S) πDN]/60 watts
P = [(W - S) π (D + d) N]/60 watts
All of these

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