Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center

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