Theory of Machine
The equation of motion for a single degree of freedom system with viscous damping is 4(dx²/dt²) + 9(dx/dt) + 16x. The damping ratio of the system is

44082
30195
9/128
44090

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ

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Theory of Machine
When the belt is stationary, it is subjected to some tension known as initial tension. The value of this tension is equal to the

Sum of the tensions on the tight side and slack side of the belt
Tension in the slack side of the belt
Tension in the tight side of the belt
Average tension of the tight side and slack side of the belt

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