Surveying
The elevation of the star at elongation is obtained by

sin α = cos φ sec δ
sin α = sin φ sec δ
sin α = cos φ cosec δ
sin α = sin φ cosec δ

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Surveying
Sidereal day

Is the period of time taken by the earth in making a complete rotation with reference to stars
Is slightly shorter than an ordinary solar day
All listed here
Is divided into the conventional hours, minutes and seconds

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Surveying
Dumpy level is most suitable when

fly levelling is being done over long distance
many readings are to be taken from a single setting of the instrument
the instrument is to be shifted frequently
All of these

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