Theory of Machine
In a gear having involute teeth, the normal to the involute is a tangent to the

Addendum circle
Base circle
Pitch circle
Dedendum circle

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Theory of Machine
In a four bar chain or quadric cycle chain

Two are turning pairs and two are sliding pairs
Each of the four pairs is a turning pair
One is a turning pair and three are sliding pairs
Three are turning pairs and one is a sliding pair

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Theory of Machine
Lower pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically

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