RCC Structures Design
If the depth of actual neutral axis of a doubly reinforced beam

Is equal to the depth of critical neutral axis; the concrete and steel attain their maximum stresses simultaneously
All listed here
Is greater than the depth of critical neutral axis, the concrete attains its maximum stress earlier
Is less than the depth of critical neutral axis, the steel in the tensile zone attains its maximum stress earlier

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RCC Structures Design
If the shear stress in a R.C.C. beam is

Greater than 4 kg/cm², but less than 20 kg/cm², shear reinforcement is provided
Greater than 20 kg/cm², the size of the section is changed
All of these
Equal or less than 5 kg/cm², no shear reinforcement is provided

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

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