Surveying
If θ and δ be the latitude of a place and declination of a star respectively, the upper culmination of the star will be north of zenith if its zenith distance, is

δ - θ
θ + δ
θ - δ
(θ + δ)/2

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Surveying
Transit rule of adjusting the consecutive coordinates of a traverse is used where

linear and angular measurements of the traverse are of equal accuracy
angular measurements are more accurate than linear measurements
linear measurements are more accurate than angular measurements
All of these

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