Process Equipment and Plant Design
For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipe, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by

Di, opt = 7.6 Q0.36 . ρ0.9
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . ρ1.86 μ0.08
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . ρ0.23
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 ρ0.18

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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