Process Equipment and Plant Design
Fouling factor must be included in the calculation of over all design heat transfer coefficient, when the liquid

Is highly viscous
Containing suspended solids flows at low velocity
Containing suspended solids flows at high velocity
Is of high specific gravity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger for a given heat transfer surface area, smaller diameter tubes are favoured as compared to larger diameter ones ; because the smaller diameter tubes

Are less prone to fouling
Can be fitted into a smaller shell diameter hence the cost of the heat exchanger would be less
None of these
Are easier to clean

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