RCC Structures Design
Design of a two way slab simply supported on edges and having no provision to prevent the corners from lifting, is made by

Rankine Grashoff formula
Grashoff formula
Rankine formula
Marcus formula

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RCC Structures Design
A pre-stressed concrete member is preferred because

All listed here
Large size of long beams carrying large shear force need not be adopted
Its dimensions are not decided from the diagonal tensile stress
Removal of cracks in the members due to shrinkage

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RCC Structures Design
If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight 'w' per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is

h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = (W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²
h = (W/Aw) [(1 + sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]
h = √(W/Aw) [(1 - sin φ)/(1 + sin φ)]²

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