RCC Structures Design
If Ac, Asc and A are areas of concrete, longitudinal steel and section of a R.C.C. column and m and σc are the modular ratio and maximum stress in the configuration of concrete, the strength of column is

σc[A + (m - 1)Asc]
σcAc + m σcAsc
All listed here
σc(A - Asc) + m σcAsc

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RCC Structures Design
In a singly reinforced beam

Elastic moduli for concrete and steel have different values within the limits of deformation of the beam
Plane sections transverse to the centre line of the beam before bending remain plane after bending
Steel possesses initial stresses when embedded in concrete
Compression is borne entirely by concrete

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