RCC Structures Design
If Ac, Asc and A are areas of concrete, longitudinal steel and section of a R.C.C. column and m and σc are the modular ratio and maximum stress in the configuration of concrete, the strength of column is

σcAc + m σcAsc
All listed here
σc(A - Asc) + m σcAsc
σc[A + (m - 1)Asc]

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RCC Structures Design
Bottom bars under the columns are extended into the interior of the footing slab to a distance greater than

24 diameters from the centre of the column
42 diameters from the outer edge of the column
42 diameters from the inner edge of the column
42 diameters from the centre of the column

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