Internal Combustion Engines
The tangential velocity of the water element having a free vortex is

Directly proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Directly proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The brake power (B.P.) of the engine is given by (where W = Brake load or dead load in newtons, l = Length of arm in meters, N = Speed of engine in r.p.m., S = Spring balance reading in newtons, D = Dia. of brake drum in meters, and d = Dia. of rope in meters)

P = [(W - S) π (D + d) N]/60 watts
P = (Wl × 2πN)/60 watts
All of these
P = [(W - S) πDN]/60 watts

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