Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Swept volume/cylinder volume
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression

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