DC Generators
While applying Fleming's right-hand rule to and the direction of induced e.m.f., the thumb points towards

Direction of motion of the conductor if forefinger points in the direction of generated e.m.f.
Direction of motion of conductor, if forefinger points along the lines of flux
Direction of induced e.m.f.
Direction of flux

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

To increase the series flux
So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.

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DC Generators
Lap winding is composed of

Any odd number of conductors
That even number which is exact multiple of poles + 2
Any even number of conductors
That even number which is exact multiple of poles

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