DC Generators
In D.C. generators, the brushes on commutator remain in contact with conductors which

Lie under North Pole
Lie under South Pole
Lie under interpolar region
Are farthest from the poles

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DC Generators
When two D.C. series generators are running in parallel, an equalizer bar is used

So that two similar machines will pass approximately equal currents to the load
To increase the series flux
To reduce the combined effect of armature reaction of both machines
To increase the speed and hence generated e.m.f.

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DC Generators
In a D.C. generator

External characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop armature reaction
Magnetization characteristic = external characteristic
Internal characteristic = magnetization characteristic ohmic drop
External resistance = internal characteristic armature reaction

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