Machine Design
When the bolt is very yielding as compared to the connected members, then the resultant load on the bolt will be equal to the

Initial tension or external load, whichever is greater
Sum of the initial tension and external load applied
Initial tension
External load applied

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Machine Design
Cold working

Decreases the fatigue strength
Increases the fatigue strength
Alone has no influence on fatigue strength
Has no influence on fatigue strength

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