Machine Design
The effective stress in wire ropes during normal working is equal to the stress due to

Axial load plus stress due to acceleration/retardation
Axial load plus stress due to bending
Acceleration/retardation of masses plus stress due to bending
Bending plus stress due to acceleration/retardation

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Machine Design
In a hydrodynamic lubricated bearing

There is a thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
The lubricant is forced between the journal and the bearing, by external pressure
There is a thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is no lubricant between the journal and the bearing

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