Theory of Machine
The two elements of a pair are said to form a higher pair, when they

Permit relative motion
Have a surface contact when in motion
Have a line or point contact when in motion
Are kept in contact by the action of external forces, when in motion

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

Pitch of the gears is not same
Gear teeth are undercut
The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication

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