Surveying
The rate of change of parallax dp/dh with respect to change in h, may be expressed as

fB/(H + h)
fB/(H - h)
fB/(H + h)²
fB/(H - h)²

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Surveying
The meridian of a place is

A great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of rotation and it also passes through the place
An arc of the great circle which passes through the place and is perpendicular to the equator
A semi-circle which passes through the place and is terminated at the poles
A great circle passing through the place and the poles

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Surveying
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that

both are same
level line is a curved line while hori-zontal line is a straight line
horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plumb line at the tangent point to level line

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