Surveying
The necessary geometrical condition for triangulation adjustment is:

The sum of the three angles of a plane triangle should be 180°
The sum of the eight angles of a braced quadrilateral should be 360°
The sum of the angles around a station should be 360°
All listed here

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Surveying
The rise and fall method

is less accurate than height of instrument method
quicker and less tedious for large number of intermediate sights
provides a check on the reduction of intermediate point levels
is not suitable for levelling with tilting levels

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Surveying
The length of a chain is measured from

inside of one handle to inside of other handle
outside of one handle to inside of other handle
centre of one handle to centre of other handle
outside of one handle to outside of other handle

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