Theory of Machine
The effort of a Porter governor is equal to (where c = Percentage increase in speed, m = Mass of ball, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

c/(m - M) g
c (m - M) g
c (m + M) g
c/(m + M) g

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Theory of Machine
Lower pairs are those which have

Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically

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