Mass Transfer
The drying time between fixed moisture contents within the 'constant rate period' is proportional to (assuming that drying occurs from all surfaces of the solid) (where, T = thickness of the solid )

T3
T1.5
√T
T

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Mass Transfer
Flash distillation is

Same as simple distillation
Most useful for handling binary systems
Same as differential distillation
Used for multicomponent systems like crude refining

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Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve
Is the optimum reflux ratio
Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Cannot be computed

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