Process Equipment and Plant Design
The clearance between two tubes in a shell and tube heat exchanger is known as 'ligament', whose minimum value is __________ the outside diameter of the tube, but in no case it should be less than 4.5 mm.

One fourth
Three fourth
Half
Equal to

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve

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