Process Equipment and Plant Design
Floating head heat exchangers are used for the

Counter-current heat transfer systems
Heat transfer between corrosive fluids
Cases where temperature difference between the shell and the tubes is more (>50°C)
Co-current heat transfer systems

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value
Is always less than arithmetic average value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
All of these
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube

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