Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

All of these
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant
Trouton's rule is applicable
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

All of these
Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP