Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
mutagenized copies of a gene

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Recombinant DNA Technology
An example of a restriction fragment length polymorphism is

All of these
different length fragments of DNA resulting from loss or gain of a restriction site
cystic fibrosis results from a three base deletion in most cases but in other cases, other mutations are involved
an Eco RI cuts DNA at a different sequence than Hind III

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