Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

mutagenized copies of a gene
short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)

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Recombinant DNA Technology
A human cDNA library

contains DNA for virtually all of the human proteins in vectors
contains DNA for specific human proteins
cannot be used to obtain human genes because it would be radioactive
None of these

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines
transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence
mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring
infecting the mouse with a retrovirus

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