Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
A system of masses rotating in different parallel planes is in dynamic balance if the

Resultant couple is equal to zero
Resultant force is numerically equal to the resultant couple, but neither of them need necessarily be zero
Resultant force and resultant couple are both equal to zero
Resultant force is equal to zero

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Theory of Machine
In the below figure, PC is the connecting rod and OC is the crank making an angle θ with the line of stroke PO and rotates with uniform angular velocity at ω rad/s. The Klien's acceleration diagram for determining the acceleration of the piston P is shown by quadrilateral CQNO, if N coincides with O, then

Acceleration of the piston P is zero and its velocity is maximum
Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is zero
Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is maximum
Acceleration of the piston P is maximum and its velocity is zero

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