Process Equipment and Plant Design
Large process vessels operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions are normally clad/ lined with materials like stainless steel, aluminium, nickel & its alloys, copper & its alloys and titanium. The cladding thickness is generally about __________ percent of the total thickness.

40 to 50
1 to 5
10 to 20
30 to 40

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The LMTD correction factor (FT) is defined as the

Ratio of true temperature difference to the LMTD
Differenced of true temperature difference and the LMTD
Ratio of LMTD to the true temperature difference
Geometric mean of the true temperature difference and the LMTD

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