Process Equipment and Plant Design
Diameter of the seive tray column is determined by the

Hole diameter of the seive tray
Height of the plate spacing
Upper limit of the vapour velocity
Lower limit of vapour velocity

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Results in higher shell side pressure drop
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

All of these
Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation
Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation

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