Microorganisms and Disease
Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

lowering the pH
facilitating the growth of normal flora
sequestering Iron
blocking sebum production

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages

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