Microorganisms and Disease
Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

sequestering Iron
lowering the pH
facilitating the growth of normal flora
blocking sebum production

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax is highly contagious
Anthrax is caused by a virus

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not

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