Microorganisms and Disease
Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

sequestering Iron
blocking sebum production
lowering the pH
facilitating the growth of normal flora

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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