Machine Design
In order to avoid tearing of the plate at an edge, the distance from the centre line of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate should be equal to (where d = Diameter of rivet hole)

1 d
1.5 d
2.5 d
2 d

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Machine Design
The contact ratio is the ratio of

Length of path of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of contact to the circular pitch
Length of arc of approach to the circular pitch
Length of arc of recess to the circular pitch

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Machine Design
The elasticity is the property of a material which enables it to

Draw into wires by the application of a tensile force
Regains its original shape after deformation when the external forces are removed
Retain deformation produced under load permanently
Resists fracture due to high impact loads

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